What is the difference between a router, a switch and a hub

 Although a router, switch, and hub help drive network traffic, devices send packets in different ways. Find the differences between these network devices.

Although routers, switches, and hubs are all network devices, they all serve different purposes.

A network hub is a node that transfers data to each computer or Ethernet-based device connected to it. A switch is a device that channels data received from any of several input ports to the specific output port that will take them to their intended destination.

A router is a physical or virtual device that transmits information between two or more packet computer networks - analyzing the destination IP address of a given data packet, calculating the best way to reach it and directing accordingly. .

 

Let's explore these devices further. First, we will look more closely at the difference between hubs and switches, and then compare and contrast the switches and routers.

Hubs vs. switches

Early Ethernet networks did not have the concept of a virtual LAN (VLAN). Thus, a whole network consisted of a single IP subnet. If you want to connect two or more devices to the LAN using Ethernet, you will use a network hub.

A hub is simply a multi-port Ethernet repeater that works on the physical segment - or layer 1 - of the OSI model. When the hub collects information from a sending device, it merely repeats or transmits the same information from all hub ports.

The device connected to the hub for receiving the information receives it. However, all other connected devices as well. These devices ignore unnecessary transmissions. That said, a hub is fast becoming an inefficient way to carry communications as the number of connected devices increases.

For this reason, the network switch was invented. A traditional switch operates on the data link segment - or layer 2 - of the OSI model. Switches offer two main features that set them apart from hubs.

How does a network switch  works

First, switch can segment the network into multiple logical LAN networks known as VLANs. This segmentation divides a LAN with a single broadcast domain into multiple broadcast domains. This helps reduce the amount of traffic congestion broadcast on larger networks.

Then, a Layer 2 switch can maintain a static or dynamic table that lists the port number of the switch along with the MAC Access Media (MAC Access) address of the attached device. The advantage is that the switch no longer has to retry communications on all Ethernet ports. Instead, the switch will look for the Ethernet frame received by the distribution device. The framework will contain a destination MAC address, cross-referenced in the switch's MAC address table. If the switch knows the specific port to which the MAC address corresponds, it will be sent just outside the port, as a unicast frame.

Routers vs Switches

switch versus router, as mentioned earlier, Layer 2 switches can separate a single LAN into multiple VLANs. Each VLAN is its IP subnet. Devices on the same VLAN and IP subnet can communicate at level 2 without any additional works. However, if device on VLAN 10, for example, wants to communicate with a device on VLAN 20 - this is known as interVLAN routing - then a router operating on the network or layer 3, the OSI model segment, is required. .

Instead of switching frames using MAC addresses, routing between subnets uses IP addresses that are in IP network packets that encapsulate Ethernet frames with the source IP address and destination information. Traditionally, a dedicated router provided routing services for level 2 switches. However, a more modern approach in corporate networks is to use Layer 3 switch, which combines routing and switching functions in a single device.

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Field Service Technician Desired Job Profile

 The field service technician can have different roles depending on the sector and the company in which he works. In general, they are responsible for managing all customer support tickets in various facilities. Installation, repair, maintenance, system improvement, and on-site testing are some of the most common functions of the field service technician.

Technical description of Field Technician

As a field service technician in our company, you will be responsible for ensuring proper activity management in order to achieve exceptional customer satisfaction.

Duties and responsibilities of the field service technician

·         Perform customer support activities

·         Perform all on-site installation, repair, management and maintenance activities

·         Track and document the progress of the work

·         Perform troubleshooting

·         Identify all problems

·         Suggest and implement the solution

·         Operate the vehicle safely

·         Check and update the field automation systems and databases

·         Comply with company rules and regulations

·         Join colleagues and other team members

·         Building relationships and trust with customers and customers.

Field Service Technician requirements and qualifications

·         X years of experience Field Service Technician or similar role

·         Experience with managing and preserving technical equipment

·         Critical thinker and problem-solving skills

·         Team player

·         Good time-management skills

·         Great interpersonal and communication skills

·         Accustomed to using mobile tools and applications

The Role of the Field Technician

IT Field Technicians are essential to the work we do at Handex. They perform a variety of duties at various environmental remediation and industrial service job sites, including wastewater treatment facilities and refineries.

Examples of the work our Field Technicians do include:

·         Performing project-related duties, including lifting and material handling tasks

·         Monitoring systems and performing preventative maintenance

·         Handling repairs

·         Performing sampling work, including gathering readings and samples

·         Collecting and recording accurate and complete field data

·         Calibrating and operating field parameter meters

Field Technicians perform their work in varying environments, including all weather conditions. They work indoors and outdoors, occasionally at great heights or in confined spaces, and in temperatures that are sometimes very hot or cold.

Field Technicians help maintain Handex quality standards by identifying any current or potential problems on the job site, then taking the steps needed to resolve or prevent them. 

Field Technicians also help maintain Handex health & safety standards of “Nobody Gets Hurt” by always adhering to and promoting all health & safety policies and protocols. 

Hiring the Right Field Technician

When Handex seeks Field Technicians to join the team, we look for individuals who want to be a part of the work we do, and who are interested in performing work with different project tasks on various job sites.  We look for an excellent work ethic, great communication skills, and a team-player attitude. 

As most of the work we complete requires different licenses and certifications, we also seek candidates who have licenses or certificates applicable to the industry, such as the 40 Hour OSHA HAZWOPER Certificate and TWIC card.

For work experience, while knowledge of and experience in environmental remediation work is helpful, it is often not a requirement, and the Handex team will provide training as needed. It is an industry Handex has been associated with for over 40 years, and we welcome the opportunity to introduce this exciting industry to new individuals!

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Master Console Operator

 Are the one looking to start your carrer as a Master console Operator? The master console operators are qualified professionals who perform a variety of computer-related services. These people not only manage them but also maintain the coordination of local networks (LAN) and WAN (geographical networks), mainframe networks and hardware, software and devices used in computers.

These operators are the administrative users of the system console, which has complete control. You have access to all the systems defined in the IT environment, and you have the right to create and manage various console operators. Each master operator can generate, assign and override administrator rights to install software or hardware actions.

These experts help to configure and use intranet systems, Web sites, hardware, and software for Web servers and are also responsible for monitoring and optimizing connectivity and performance problems. Console operators in the fields of public and private information technology (IT) are often referred to as main console servers and supervisors of computer network engineers.

Freelance has become one of the world-famous facts known for its flexibility and flexibility in your office. Just log in, and the Field Engineer gets you moving. We have seen a brief on  what is a console operator, now will check what are the key responsibilities of a Master Console Operator

Work responsibilities :

The scope of work carried out by these operators is extensive. In addition to troubleshooting LAN, WAN, and mainframe networks, workstations, and Internet connections, they are responsible for data center operations and maintenance, the evaluation and installation of network hardware and software, systems and applications, and the management and monitoring of systems and systems responsible for responsible networks.

Operators are also responsible for repairing and updating the hardware and software of the Web server, monitoring network traffic and security issues, and regularly launching and closing networks and maintaining audit trails.

If necessary, they can perform backup and recovery operations, checks, and security checks after a system crash.

Other tasks include observing installed software, surfing the Internet and using e-mail, and running shell scripts and other required scripting engines.

In terms of interpersonal tasks, the operator may be responsible for monitoring other people in the console panel and often assist in solving problems encountered by customers or customers.

The main console operator should be able to monitor and ensure network security for assigned system terminals. The console must be connected to the entire main system of an organization so that the information can be retrieved from every angle based on needs. Although there are many vendors on the market, Field Engineer is a unique platform that represents the solid platform for the main console freelance operator.

 

Salary :

According to Payscale, an early console operator with 1-4 years of experience earns an average total compensation (including bonus, bonus and overtime allowance) of $ 14.13, based on 20 salaries. A mid-career console operator with 5-9 years of experience earns an average payment of $ 14.02 based on 12 salaries. An experienced console operator with 10-19 years of experience earns an average total compensation of $ 19.19 based on 15 salaries. At the end of their career (aged 20 and up), employees earn an average commission of $ 19.

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Statement of Work (SOW)

 The specification specifies what the developer must do when executing the contract. The documentation created under the contract is defined, for example, in the specifications. Security requirements, which include many aspects of the development process and the evidence that must be provided to ensure that the organization has properly and fully executed, can also be specified in terms of Reference. ,

Responsibility for writing and producing a field of work at first glance seems a difficult task. However, once you understand what is in the various parts of the document, the administration is greatly simplified, and it can be a useful tool to better organize yourself before starting a project.

A specification is useful because it explains exactly how you want to run a project with specific tasks, activities, services, and schedules. It is also a valuable document for your client as it communicates the goals of the project and describes the expected results before you start working.

Project Statement of Work is a well written and detailed way to build strong relationships with your client from the start and can help prevent future misconceptions. Below are six general components that should consider. Note that the SOWs vary by industry. For example, government customers may have particular needs, and customers from other industries may be more relaxed.

What is a statement of work?

There is some information that makes a working statement. Some are always available; others may be considered or excluded depending on the type of work or industry required. These are the most important:

Project objective: The business case, why even the project implemented.

Scope of work: This is a general explanation of everything provided by the contractor, including a basic overview of deliverables, timeframe, costs and requirements. For example, within three weeks, IMG Graphics will deliver five poster designs for $ 12,000 and will have access to our graphics and image catalogues as well as marketing information.

Workplace: for many contractors, particularly in digital technology or marketing, a site can be much more flexible without worrying about transport costs. This section explains where people and the location of equipment, software and even cloud-based systems will work.

Milestones: This is where both parties agree on the date on which the contractor must reach or deliver specific points.

Results: These are the actual results of the project, for example what the seller should provide to the organization.

Program: Description course of the project, with exploratory meetings, start date, milestones and outstanding results, signing and closing of the project.

Applicable standards: Establish regulatory or sector standards that must be met in the execution of the work. For example, they may include the integration of the GDPR for technological work related to Europe or the search for fair trade ingredients for an ethical food producer.

Acceptance criteria: Which factors control the success of the project.

Payment plan: How the contractor will be paid and when, or after certain dates, or after achieving specific goals or achieving results.

Conclusion: How the final results will be accepted and who will sign and conclude the contract.

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What Can You Do By an Engineering Degree Graduation

 Engineering is a broad subject, divided into several disciplines, including civil, mechanical, chemical and electrical engineering. Engineering degree graduates are often logical thinkers with excellent numerical and numerical problem-solving skills. Careers open to engineering degree graduates are wide and varied, although you can choose the career most relevant to your engineering specialization and related professions. This may require more studies and work experience; If you want to become an authorized engineer, for example, you will have to take a postgraduate degree and gain work experience.

Those wishing to start their engineering career will be delighted to find that not only is there a high demand for engineering graduates, but there is also a chance that you can earn an impressive salary, with US engineering graduates making an average annual salary of US $ 75,800. Per year according to glassdoor.co.uk.

what exactly do engineers do read on to find out which engineering careers are best for you and how to increase your employment in these areas.

Careers in civil engineering

The civil engineering degrees prepare you for a career in the construction industry, as well as in the business, administration and finance sectors. Civil engineering careers are full of satisfactions and challenges and may involve construction, design and management, depending on your interests and expertise.

This career choice often involves many aspects of design and architecture, allowing you to express your creative side and explore innovative new ideas, as well as analyze data and technology. Civil engineers need a good thoughtful of design and construction methods, as well as health and safety issues.

Civil engineering careers are generally divided into the roles of consultant civil engineer and contracted civil engineer. Consulting civil engineering careers are likely to be involved in the design phase of a project, collaborating with architects and other professionals. Alternatively, hired civil engineers turn to consult plans into reality, addressing practical issues such as obtaining materials and deadlines, and helping to resolve any issues that arise. There are also portions that syndicate the consulting and hiring stages.

 

The role of a building control inspector is generally suitable for civil engineering students, but is open to engineering students from all disciplines. Building control inspectors believe that health and safety areas should ensure that building regulations and other regulations are monitored when buildings are designed and built. They also provide advice when buildings do not comply with these regulations and make site visits at different stages to ensure that the work is performed correctly.

Careers in chemical engineering

If you have a degree in chemical engineering, there is a wide variety of engineering careers. The technical and abilities developed in your grade can also lead to professions in business, finance and law.

Chemical engineers observe and design the machines and processes used to transform raw materials into everyday products, such as fuels, plastics and food while adhering to health and safety instructions. Modern chemical engineering is also concerned with new useful features and techniques, such as nanotechnology. This career would serve graduates with a keen interest in chemistry and an advantage in problem-solving.

You will use your math and science knowledge to help you analyze problems and find solutions. Excellent management skills are needed to help effectively manage projects, budgets, and people. Click here to read more about how chemical engineering careers vary across industries, such as food processing and wastewater management.

Another career you can consider as a graduate in chemical engineering is a product/process development scientist. Your working knowledge gained from your degree will be beneficial for this career, as product or process development scientists are responsible for exploring and developing new production processes and adjusting current manufacturing systems to increase their efficiency and efficiency. profitability.

Mechanical engineering

Mechanical engineers develop answers to help improve automated processes and products and can work in a variety of industries, including production and energy. They are involved in the administration of people and resources, as well as in the development and use of new materials and technologies. This career path is right for you if you are technically proficient, have science and math skills and are good at problem-solving. US mechanical engineers can earn an average of $ 62,680 per year, according to glassdoor.co.uk. 

Aeronautical Engineering

The apparent path to aviation engineering careers is the study of a specialized degree in this field, but it is also an option for mechanical engineering graduates as well as computer engineering, electrical engineering, and manufacturing engineering graduates.

As an aeronautical engineer, you will apply scientific, technological, and mathematical principles for research, design, development, maintenance, and performance testing of civil and military aircraft, including weapons, satellites, and even spaceships. You will need to resolve any issues that arise during the design, development and testing process, including aircraft accident investigation and project management.

Explore other career options in aeronautical engineering here.

Electrical engineering

Electrical engineering frequently overlaps with other areas of engineering, such as the industries in which you can work, from construction to communications and media, healthcare, and others. This is another area that is not necessarily limited to graduates of this discipline, as entry may be possible with another type of engineering degree, especially the mechanic.

Electrical engineers design, develop and continue electrical control systems and components through a mix of technical knowledge and business awareness, and in the US can expect to earn $ 76,460 on average, according to glassdoor.co.uk. In addition to having technical expertise, electrical engineers must have business knowledge and be able to manage and perform many tasks.

Engineering careers in management and consulting

 

 

Engineering graduates are suitable for management roles, as they often have strong problem-solving skills and the ability to "think outside the box". Some engineering graduates may decide to study an engineering management graduate to increase their career prospects, while many graduates may gradually progress to a higher position, which implies responsibility for other employees or more significant projects and budgets. . .

Experienced engineers might choose to pursue a career in engineering management consulting, working as a portion of a consultancy or as an independent worker. This means the opportunity to effort on a variety of different projects in different types of organizations, providing expert advice and perhaps also taking on project management roles.

Similarly, engineering managers perform a variety of tasks to apply engineering principles to business practices, for example, overseeing projects and operations, managing teams, and managing budgets. Engineering management combines technology to solve engineering technology problems and management logistics, management, and training skills to oversee complex initiatives from conception to completion. Because this is an important role, you will usually need a qualification as an authorized engineer, plus a significant experience.

Other careers for engineering graduates 

IT consultant

This career can be addressed to graduates who have studied electrical or computer/software technology. Your IT experience will be welcomed in a wide range of organizations. IT consultants work in partnership with clients, guiding them to use information technology to achieve their business goals or overcome problems. Having a good degree, previous work experience and a sincere interest in IT and consulting will increase your chances of finding a job in this role. 

Quality manager

As a quality manager, you are responsible for ensuring that your company's products and services are fit for purpose and meet established standards, with quality assessment procedures to maintain those standards. If you understand the importance of quality for clients and companies, seek details and are an excellent communicator, this could be an ideal job for you. A postgraduate and/or relevant experience would help join this role.

Technical writer

In many industries, technical writers are required to write descriptions or instructions to help people understand how to use a product or service. The strong practical knowledge you have acquired during your engineering course will be of great help to you in this role, especially if you know software packages because you can write high technology product manuals. Technical writers work for a wide variety of industries, from finance to nuclear power. Again, relevant experience is useful, as well as strong writing skills and the ability to convey instructions in the appropriate languages.

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Future prospects for technical assistance jobs for older students

 On-campus or off-campus, one of the most common tasks for older students completing science and technology courses is the role of technical support. However, there are many myths and prejudices against the role.

First-generation students are warned about a career in technical assistance that says it's a dead end, there's not much growth or how engineers should pursue bigger goals instead of taking on that role. However, the reality is very different.

A technical support job for first class students offers as many options as any other profile and it is up to the students to get the most out of the job.

What is a Technical Assistant role?

There are two types of technical support roles: enterprise and retail customers. The role is primarily a customer service where you help customers answer their questions. The annual income of IT support engineer salary would be high.

In most IT companies, technical support for cleaning products means dealing with customers of the company or other companies.

Companies like Microsoft, Oracle, Wipro, SAP, HCL, Cognizant, Accenture and Genpact offer technical support.

This is because they have cloud services and software support services that other companies use.

What is the growth structure in a technical support role?

A career in technical assistance, like any other job in an industry, can become what you want. Here are some general growth models for the role of technical support for new engineers and science graduates:

Vertical increase in function

Vertical growth means taking on the role in the same area. In general, most companies have the following hierarchy of technical assistance:

 

·         L1 technical support

·         L2 technical support

·         L3 technical support

·         L4 technical support

·         Server/system administrator

·         Network / system / administrator

·         Team leader / operations manager

·         IT Manager

·         IT Head

Ideally, it takes 3-4 years to switch from L1 to L4, another 10-15 years to switch from server administrator to IT manager.

This type of hierarchy is often observed in Indian companies and cannot be compared to foreign companies.

These types of levels are created to give employees the opportunity to grow and demonstrate different skills.

You need to develop the right skills and learn from your seniors and managers. You can continue to work in the same company to grow.

Many people think that jumping jobs are the best way to grow. But sometimes a number of employees leave the company and the remaining employees are promoted.

However, this strategy may not work for all companies. You can change jobs if you feel that your growth is inadequate or if your managers support you.

Growth by changing roles

Most people starting out in the role of technical support for fresher engineers want to get to a point in software development. This is because there are many options in this area.

However, for these roles you need a certain qualification, which means you have to do extra work. You can move to this role by:

Learn skills through courses such as Python, Java, C or Scala

Implementation of secondary projects in software development as such requires previous experience

Switching to start-ups, where the focus is on skills, rather than years of experience that make switching possible

Every IT company has a software development team, so you can move within the same company.

A good network, excellent performance in your current role and additional skills ensure that you have at least the chance to take on the role.

Moving to other companies will be difficult because they expect some level of experience. You must also be ready to start from a lower level because you are starting a new role.

The role of management through higher education

A great way to take advantage of your experience in a technical assistant career is to return to the IT industry with a management degree like an MBA.

While this is an expensive option and you have to spend money and two years of earning, getting an MBA after engineering is a major boost to your career. There are many engineers who choose the MBA path to change their role.

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Red Hat introduces new Certification and Training Courses

 Red Hat, the world's leading provider of open source solutions, is now offering a new qualification for system administrators working with Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Along with the availability of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, the Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA) certification replaces the previous Red Hat Certified Technician (RHCT). Also, the company has restructured its training courses. More and more interactive mediation methods used. Besides, different opportunities that established on the changed conditions and tasks of system administrators in a heterogeneous IT landscape.

Red Hat has been offering certifications and courses for system administrators for ten years. During this period, the IT infrastructure in the companies changed significantly. Linux has become increasingly prevalent, the boundaries between job profiles have become more porous, and today's system administrators need to be able to handle a wide range of platforms in sophisticated data centers. Red Hat has therefore adapted its training courses and aligned them with the different job profiles, know-how, and experiences of the participants - including Windows and Solaris administrators.

"With the introduction of RHCSA certification, role-based training paths, and simplified access to courses, we offer a training and certification program that meets current needs," says Danielle Tomlinson, senior director of Red Hat's training program. "As Red Hat continues to expand in the enterprise, IT professionals need more and more knowledge of Red Hat's products and solutions and the necessary certifications."

With the launch of Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6, there are also two new basic courses. IT staff without a Linux command line experience can start with the Red Hat System Administration I and II courses and then take the RHCSA exam. For system administrators with at least one year of experience, there is an RHCSA Fast Track. Interested parties can have their knowledge determined in a placement test.

The RHCSA exam is a performance-related, practice-oriented evaluation of skills and knowledge in the field of system administration. Certified IT staff can quickly handle every day and system-critical tasks. Although there are some differences between the discontinued RHCT and new RHCSA certification, employees who have the RHCT certificate for Red Enterprise Linux 5 have the opportunity to qualify for RHCSA without much additional effort.

Red Hat's new training program includes four training paths: a course for IT professionals with experience in Windows and other GUI-based systems, one for Solaris administrators, one for Linux administrators with two to three years of experience, and one veteran administrator. All courses build on the existing know-how and impart practical knowledge.

Red Hat's courses focus on immediate action. The new training attaches great importance to the participants being able to gain practical experience in interactive learning units and workshops and to be able to check the acquired knowledge promptly. Participants can build on their previously acquired knowledge and develop their expertise. Investments of companies in the education of their employees are thus protected, while their productivity increases.

Red Hat Launches Global Education Offensive

The world's leading open source and Linux provider today unveiled Red Hat Academy. This educational package enables schools and colleges to offer an academic version of the Red Hat Certified Engineer (RHCE) training and certification program. The program, initially available in English only, provides high-quality, up-to-date IT curricula based on Red Hat's operating system and open technologies. Educational institutions can offer the RHCT Certification to help address the global shortage of skilled IT professionals involved in integrating operating systems, networks, applications, databases, web servers, and public organizations Internet are dependent.

The combination of the Red Hat training program with RHCT certification provides an expandable foundation for almost any IT career path, such as system administration, network engineering, C or C ++ programming, databases, web development, PC repair, and security applications. At the same time, it is excellent preparation for studying computer science at the university. "The Red Hat Academy curriculum is ideally suited to teaching learners how computers and networks work," said Peter Childers, Vice President of Global Learning Services at Red Hat. "With Red Hat Academy, instructors have a tool at their fingertips that makes it very effective to teach, learn, and master their skills and abilities."

"It’s a pleasure to be the first school to use Red Hat Academy," said Sylvia Anderson, Director of Technical Workforce Development Programs for Guilford County Schools, North Carolina, one of the model employee development programs in the US. "We believe this program provides our students with the best opportunity to acquire solid computer engineering skills that will be useful to almost any future career, regardless of whether they go directly to the practice or study at the university."

Business is showing great interest in introducing Red Hat Linux training in Guilford County schools. Dr. Sue Polinsky, chair of the Guilford County Schools' College Tech Prep IT Committee, has been very supportive of the launch of Red Hat Academy. "Business leaders in our country have been calling for Red Hat Linux certification training for our students over the years, and today they support this initiative," says Dr. Polinksy. "This training gives more young people a chance to enter the IT sector right after graduation, or be better prepared as university students from the outset, successfully closing the gap between the schools and the economic development initiatives."

Red Hat Academy implemented at a time of limited financial flexibility for schools and colleges, states, and states. However, there is a need to raise education levels, overcome the "digital divide" and be globally competitive. "The costs and legal burden of deploying proprietary software are becoming less and less justifiable, directly affecting the opportunities and development opportunities for young adults and the workforce as a whole," said Matthew Szulik, Chairman and CEO of Red Hat. "Schools and universities around the world are demanding better programs for computer training and access to and choice over reliable software technologies."

"The specific positioning of Linux makes it possible to reconcile technology and education, and Red Hat Academy now has a high-quality curriculum based on the Red Hat RHCE curriculum that has adapted to the needs of schools and colleges, "said Tom Miller, vice-dean of NCSU's DELTA, one of several Red Hat Academy partners. "Educational institutions can benefit greatly from this powerful and practice-oriented educational offer, especially in this critical phase for schools and universities."

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